Task 1 A new time.

Europe started a new period from the 12th century characterised by renaissance of the cities and the urban life. The increase of the cities produced the construction of a lot of new buildings. Cities needed more buildings like: councils, markets or cathedrals.

Nobility and some rich bourgeois ordered new buildings like palace where they lived, they ordered paintings and sculptures too.

The new urban life produced religious changes . New religious orders were born in order to work into the cities like Franciscan order or Dominican order.

At the same time, the first urban schools were born and later the universities were born too. Kings needed employees to govern the kingdom with the new institutions and wealthy bourgeois wanted a future for their sons.

There were two types of urban schools. Some of urban schools could be managed by the bishops so they were called Cathedral schools or Chapter schools, the other ones were built by councils and were called Municipal schools.

Only a few people was able to attend classes because of the duration of the studies and their high prices. The most famous universities in medieval times were Paris, Oxford, Cambridge and Bologna.